{"id":2232,"date":"2013-08-04T13:33:43","date_gmt":"2013-08-04T13:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/?p=2232"},"modified":"2016-03-07T16:42:40","modified_gmt":"2016-03-07T16:42:40","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%da%93%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d9%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/?p=2232","title":{"rendered":"\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0648\u067c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f5 \u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u06f1\u06f8 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u067e\u069a\u064a\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a  \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06ab\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0632\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0681\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f  &#8220;\u06ab\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u06bc\u06cd&#8221;  \u0643\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u06d0.<br \/>\n\u067e\u0627\u0686\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0686 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0648\u06d0\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0689\u0631\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0648.<br \/>\n\u062f \u0646\u0648\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u0633\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0643\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a:<br \/>\n\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f &#8220;\u067e\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u062f\u0649\u060c<br \/>\n\u062f \u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cd&#8221; \u062f\u0647\u060c<br \/>\n\u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0646\u0648\u0645\u06d0\u0696\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u067c\u064a\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u06d0( \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u0693)  \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a.  \u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f(\u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648) \u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u0631\u0648\u067e\u06cd \u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u06d0: \u067e\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cd\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u064a\u0648 &#8221; \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0648\u067c&#8221; \u0647\u0645 \u062f &#8221; \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8221; \u0645\u0627\u06bc\u06cd \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06af\u0647  \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648.<br \/>\n\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u067c \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u064a\u060c\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062f \u064a\u0648(\u06f1)  \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648 \u0686\u06d0 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c\u0627\u06d0\u06a9\u060c \u064a\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0648&#8221; \u0648.<br \/>\n\u062f \u0686\u0648\u0643\u0627\u067c \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0646\u069a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u067c\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u06d0 \u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u069a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0643\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a \u0648.  \u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0643\u06d0 \u0648.<br \/>\n\u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u063a\u067c \u062b\u0644\u062b \u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u060c &#8220;\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221;. \u062f \u0646\u0648\u067c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u0648\u060c &#8221; \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0686\u0648\u0643\u0627\u067c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0643\u06d0 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f0\u06f1\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u0647 \u0643\u069a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0647.<br \/>\n\u062f \u0646\u0648\u067c \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u06f8\u06f0\u06f0\u06f5 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u067c \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0643\u06d0 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u0647.  \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cd \u0643\u0631\u069a\u0647 \u0643\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u060c &#8221; \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u067c \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0643\u06d0\u0696\u064a.&#8221;<br \/>\n\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u067c \u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u06bc\u060c \u062e\u067c\u06ab\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u06cd \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0643\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u069a\u0647 \u069a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a.<br \/>\n\u062f \u0686\u0648\u0643\u0627\u067c \u062f \u069a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u06cd \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0643\u06d0 &#8220;\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u067e\u0647 \u069a\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a.  \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u06ab\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u067c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u062a\u0634\u06d0 \u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06bc\u06cd \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u067c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u0646\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0686\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0627\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u063a\u0633\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f8 \u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cd \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0648\u067c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0648.  \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0644 &#8221; \u067e\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u0648\u06d0\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0647.  \u062f \u0634\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u067c \u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 &#8220;\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u064a\u0644. \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u06f5\u060c \u06f1\u06f0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06f5\u06f0 \u0646\u0648\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f3\u06f6 \u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06f2 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u067c \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648.<br \/>\n\u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f3\u06f9 \u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0648\u067c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0686\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 &#8221; \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9&#8221; \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0648. <\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0631\u0686\u064a\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p>Journal of the Asiatic Soceity of Bengal<br \/>\n\u0646\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0693\u06cd\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u06f2\u06f4\u060c \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f8<br \/>\n\u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0647<br \/>\n\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0686 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0644. \u0628\u0648\u06ab\u0689\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641\u060c  \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f8<br \/>\n\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645<br \/>\n\u062f \u062e\u067e\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u0647<br \/>\n\u06f4 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f3 \u0645<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/bundles.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[2232]\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/bundles-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Currency notes\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-2233\" \/><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f5 \u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u06f1\u06f8 \u0646\u06d0\u067c\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u067e\u069a\u064a\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0648 \u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06ab\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0632\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0681\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f &#8220;\u06ab\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u06bc\u06cd&#8221; \u0643\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u06d0. \u067e\u0627\u0686\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0686 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0633\u06a9\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2232\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safiahaleem.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}